介词属于虚词,在句中不能单独使用。介词之后一般加名词、代词、动名词、从句等等,有时名词会有修饰词,但整体上仍然是名词或名词词组,但是不可以跟形容词,副词等。
一、介词+名词
Eg. The subway runs under the street.
二、介词+代词
Eg. I have no money about me.
三、介词+动名词
Eg. I am all for going skiing.
四、介词+wh-从句
Eg. I have no idea in what he said.
五、介词+副词
Eg. A stone fell from above.
六、介词+形容词
Eg. in brief
far from perfect
in general
七、介词短语
在个别情况下,but、except、until等后面可以用介词短语作宾语。
Eg. The weather was good, except in the south.
八、一些介词的常见用法
1. 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别。
表示时间时:
in表示在一段时间里;
on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等;
at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间。
表示地点时:
in表示在某个范围之内;
on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触;
at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。
Eg. He was born on the morning of May 10th.
I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.
His glasses are right on his nose.
He is at the cinema at the moment.
2. after与in表示时间的用法区别
“after+具体时刻/从句”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态;
“in+一段时间”表示“在(多久) 之后”,常用于将来时态。
Eg. He said that he would be here after 6:00.他说他六点钟之后会来这儿。
My father is coming back from England in about a month.我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来。
3. about与on的用法区别
都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。
Eg. Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America. Tom要作一个美国历史的报告。
They are very excited talking about the coming field trip. 他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游。