what它能用作疑问词,引导特殊疑问句,能在句中做主语﹑表语或宾语,又能用作连接代词(或复合关系代词),引导主语从句﹑表语从句或宾语从句,还能用作疑问形容词,只作定语并可表示感叹,具体用法如下:
1. what = just as,意为“恰像,犹如,好比”用作连词,引导比较状语从句。
①惯用句式是:“A is to B what C is to D.”。意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。
例句:Air is to us What water is to fish.
空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。
PS:也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。
例句:Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint.
厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。
②what引导的从句也可以放在句首,其句式是:What C is to D,that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.),相当于“just as…,so…”结构,意思也是“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。
例句:What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body, so Railway is to transportation.)
铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人体一样。
2. what与do with连用,意为“(怎样)处理﹑安排或对付等”。what常有较灵活的翻译,常用结构是:“what …do with sth./sb.?”或“what to do with sth./sb.”。
例句:What will you do with the letter?
你将把那封信怎样处理?
PS:do with与deal with同义,但搭配不同:do with只能与what搭配,而deal with可与不同的疑问词搭配。
3.问价格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面积﹑门牌(汽车﹑电话等)号码等时,只能用what提问,不能用how much提问。
例句:What is the cost(price)of the gold watch?
这块金表多少钱?
4.“What is …like?”的两种含义。
①表示“情况怎样”,多指天气或气候。
例句:What is the weather like today?
今天天气怎样?
②表示“像什么样,什么模样,怎样的”指人或事物。
例句:What is the camel like?
骆驼是什么样子的?
PS:“What is…like?”通常用于对某人、某地和某物的实际情况提问,包括对其内在的品质或外在的特征(或持久的特征)提问。而“How is …like?”是就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法,可以用来询问变化的事物,如暂时的情况,情绪等,还常用来问候别人的健康。
5.“What do you think of…?”用于询问对方对……的看法或评价。
例句:What do you think of the idea?
你认为这个主意怎样?